S&P Yearly Returns 1926 to 2009

S&P Yearly Returns 1926 to 2009 sorted by % change

Daily Market Analysis Video

This is a long video which covers:

• overall market direction
• Market Monitor
• Sectors
• Top Ranked stocks
• ETF momentum

Think methods

IKEA Instructions

One of the most useful thing you must do if you want to be successful in trading or life is to think methods. To be successful trader what you need is a well thought out  method. If you want to trade say growth stocks, then you should have a method to find growth stocks. If you want to trade pullbacks, you must have method to find pullbacks. If you want to trade breakout, you must have a method to find breakout. If you want to use stops in your trading you need a method to determine stops. If you want to time the market, you need method to tell you which is good time to enter and which is good time to exit. 

Why is it difficult to think methodically. In many cases people do not have skills in methodical thinking. The other problem is we are surrounded by opinions and judgments. Everyone has a opinion about everything, not necessarily based on facts. The mass media thrives on that, lot of blogosphere is about it. Opinions and judgments are unique to a person. They are about biases, misconception, ego, influence and seduction. How can you trade a opinion like "Bernanke is a  idiot" or " we are all doomed" or  "US is doomed". Opinions are opinions, they are not tradable. They get you on to TV or get you quoted in Newspaper but they are perfectly useless for trading. Motivations of those who offer opinions is to influence you or seduce you not necessarily to offer tradable method. Those who influence opinions have a method to generate opinions. Glenn Beck is a perfect example of that. 90% of what he says is his opinion it is not based on facts. What is his motivation for churning out all these opinion, money, fame, influence and so on. Same way if you look at CNBC most of it is about opinion.

But to make money in trading or in life you need method. What does a entrepreneur do, he finds a better way to do something. If you work in a organisation, what do successful managers, workers or supervisor do? They find a method to do the job more efficiently. As against that you will see lot of headless chickens wondering around asking what should they do. You will see the same thing in trading, people will ask you what do you think about AAPL  or SNDK, or LOPE or any other stock, or ask I am in ATSG now what do I do. What does it tell you. That person has not thought about a method.

If you spend time on understanding a method and developing a method you will have method related question as against questions on specific trades. If you learn methods it will be life long learning and you will get benefit from the method for years. What stops people from thinking method. Most of the time they have been rewarded in life for not having a very good method. So methodical thinking is not part of their thinking repertoire. 

If you can define a problem properly, you can find a method to solve that problem. Many people ask me what mutual funds they should buy or what ETF they should buy in their retirement account, but very few ask how do I go about finding which mutual funds or ETF to buy in my retirement account. If you ask the second question it is a method question and then one can methodically develop a way to find when to invest in IRA or 401k, how to find mutual funds to invest in, when to exit and so on. I have talked about my method to invest in 401k many times before. If you spend 3 days understanding and replicating it, you will have a lifelong way to answer your question which funds should you buy in 401k and when.

Same thing applies to trading. If you decide to trade momentum stocks, then you need to develop a method to find them, enter them, exit them and so on. What did William O'Neil do, he found a way to find and trade growth stocks. That method works for him. He has detailed it many times in his book , if you spend one month internalizing it, you can also handily beat the market. What did Charles Kirkpatrick do. He found a method to trade value stocks with momentum. If you spend just a week understanding his method, you will find profitable way to trade value stocks. And I can go on and on about this thing, but they key to trading success is about developing method. 

Method is something which you can break down in to steps. Method is something which you can replicate. Method is something you can practice and learn. Method is like driving direction. If the directions are clear and you have the right vehicle you will be able to travel from A to B. Once you have a method you can train your procedural memory to become efficient at performing that method. Methods are about regiments, set of guidelines and rules. Opinions create dependency, methods are about independence. You can replicate a method and trade it on your own. You may or may not agree with the logic of a method and you may find different results with it, but ultimately it is a step by step replicable process.

Methods are like those stick figures Ikea provides to put together the furniture you bought.

When I visit a blog or read something on blog or interact with traders, I am primarily interested in learning what method does this person use. I have studied most of the trading blogs and made detail notes about methods and incorporated some in to my methods. Similarly when I am reading a book or come across an idea my primary focus is how do you make this work. How can I design a method to make this work. As Brett Steenbarger says trading is performance sports. Performance is all about methods.

If you can draw a  Ikea style instruction about your trading method then you have a method.....

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What you need to know about market breadth

Extreme positive or negative breadth leads to reversal

When breadth becomes extremely positive or negative such situations resolve in trend change or pullback or correction. In Market Monitor when following things happen it indicates extreme breadth

# of stocks up>25% in a quarter goes below 200 (bullish)

# of stocks down>25% in a quarter goes below 200 (bearish)

# of stocks up>50% in a month goes above 20 (bearish)

# of stocks down>50% in a month goes above 20 (bullish)

% of stocks in confirmed uptrend using Guppy MMA goes below 30 (bullish)

% of stocks in confirmed uptrend using Guppy MMA goes above 70 (bearish)

Such high readings should be interpreted as bullish zone or bearish zones. The actual bullish or bearish reversal may take 8 to 10 days after readings reach such extremes.

Breadth thrust precedes trend change

Breadth thrust means a dramatic change in breadth in short period of time. Breadth thrusts are typically calculated using cumulative breadth. To further refine the breadth thrust smoothing is used along with exponential average of breadth. Then the ratio is further converted in to a oscillator. Zweig Breadth thrust, Absolute breadth Thrust, McClellan Oscillator and many other indicators are based on such breadth thrust calculation. (The actual maths used in doing that is complicated).

Breadth thrust in either direction after a long rally or decline indicates change of trend. In Market Monitor Breadth Thrust is indicated by 10 day ratio.

When the 10 day ratio goes above 2 after market has been in bearish phase for sometime, it indicates bullish breadth thrust and possible change of direction for market.

When the 10 day ratio goes below .5 after market has been bullish for sometime, it indicates a bearish thrust and possible change of direction for market.

Breadth crossover confirm trend change

When breadth turns from positive to negative or the other way, it indicates confirmation of primary breadth trend. In Market Monitor this is indicated by:

# of stocks up>25% in a quarter / # of stocks down>25% in a quarter

# of stocks up>25% in a month / # of stocks down>25% in a month

# of stocks up>13% in 34 days / # of stocks down>13% in 34 days

What happens at the  beginning of a rally

A big 300 plus day on # of stocks up> 4% in day on high volume

Series of 300 plus days in 5to 10 days time frame.

The Cumulative Breadth Ratio goes above 2 confirming start of a bull move.

The Primary Indicator turns bullish

Bottoms tend to be formed suddenly.

What happens at the end of a rally

There is a slow deterioration in breadth on Primary Indicator.

After weeks or month Primary Indicator turns bearish.

The cumulative breadth ratio goes below .5

Real selling starts after that.

Breadth deteriorates slowly at the top

Tops take a long time to form and are difficult to spot. This correction is not following that pattern. I have studied every top in last 40 years or so and seldom market top starts with a crash. 

Breadth suddenly improves at bottom

Market bottoms happen suddenly. Market turns often are a single day phenomenon.

Why it is difficult to understand breadth for beginners

Because lot of concepts in breadth are new to them. Many breadth charts are not interpreted the way most people are used to interpreting charts.

For example Zweig breadth thrust charts are hardly useful because the breadth thrust signal definition is when the readings go up from below 40 to 61.5% that indicates start of a big bull move. The average gain after such breadth thrust is 24% in 11 months post signal. But the signal is very rare. The last Zweig Breadth Thrust signal was on March 23 2009. Before that the breadth thrust gave a signal on August 23 rd 1984. So if you look at Zweig Thrust charts everyday, it is waste of time. 

Similarly interpreting McClellan Summation Index is difficult unless you understand the concept behind it. The charts by themselves of it do not tell you much about how signals are generated. 

I will again advise anyone serious about market breadth to read The Complete Guide to Market Breadth Indicators: How to Analyze and Evaluate market Direction and Strength . It will take you some time to understand and interpret market breadth. 

The Dreyfus model of skill acquisition and developing trading expertise

As I have said earlier the key to success in trading is about developing procedural memory. Procedural memory is a long term memory for skills. It is implicit memory and as a result difficult to verbalize.

Procedural memories are muscle or thinking sequences which have been internalized by the brain and when required to perform a task the procedural memory kicks in and you can effortlessly do the task without being aware of steps. Procedural memory is also called skills memory.

The most well known psychological  model of skill acquisition is called Dreyfus model. In 1980, two brothers working in the area of artificial intelligence and software were commissioned by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSC)to study skill acquisition. They submitted a report to AFSC titled " A five stage model of mental activities involved in skill acquisition".

Subsequently the model was published by them in a book    Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer , in which they proposed a model of skill acquisition that argued that skill acquisition process is 5 progressive stages of development.

The five stages of development are:

1. Stage 1: novice
2. Stage 2 : advanced beginner
3. Stage 3: competent
4. Stage 4 : proficient
5. Stage 5: expert

Novice

At novice stage it is all about following the rules. The novice thinks in terms of rules but has no context or ability to modify rules. At this stage the energy is focusing on following the rules rather than thinking. 

Advance Beginner

Is still rule based but rules are now situational based . So instead of blindly using the rules at this stage you start using a set of rule in a A situation and different set of rules in B situation. 

Competent

At this stage you start to realize that performing this skill has more to it than just following rules or changing rules according to situation. You start to see patterns and principles and start realizing rules are not absolute and they are guidelines or rule of thumb. You start performing the skills more by experience and active decision making rather than strict rules. 

Proficient

At this stage you start thinking in terms of complete picture. You develop a perspective about your area of skill or focus. 

Expert

At this stage it is intuitively appropriate action without being conscious of you skills. 

The Dreyfus model of skill acquisition is widely used in various fields to develop instruction material for training new skills. As a trader if you understand the model you can work on your own skills better.

Essential Books for growth and momentum traders

There was a question about which books I recommend . You will rarely get a complete setup in any book. Even if you get it, you may not appreciate it because you have not gone through the discovery process and rejection of several setups before the author found what works for him. There is lot of learnings in rejected setups.


William O'neil
Read all editions of O'Neil book starting with First Edition
How to Make Money in Stocks: A Winning System in Good Times and Bad, Fourth Edition
The Successful Investor: What 80 Million People Need to Know to Invest Profitably and Avoid Big Losses
How to Make Money Selling Stocks Short (Wiley Trading)
24 Essential Lessons for Investment Success: Learn the Most Important Investment Techniques from the Founder of Investor's Business Daily
How To Make Money In Stocks: A Winning System in Good and Bad Times-

Jesse Livermore
Reminiscences of a Stock Operator (Wiley Investment Classics)
How to Trade In Stocks

Nicolas Darvas
How I Made $2,000,000 in the Stock Market

Mark Boucher
The Hedge Fund Edge: Maximum Profit/Minimum Risk Global Trend Trading Strategies (Wiley Trading)

Dave Landry
Dave Landry's 10 Best Swing Trading Patterns and Strategies

Richard Love
Superperformance stocks: An investment strategy for the individual investor based on the 4-year political cycle

Charles Kirkpatrick 
Beat the Market: Invest by Knowing What Stocks to Buy and What Stocks to Sell

Michael Carr
Smarter Investing in Any Economy: The Definitive Guide to Relative Strength Investing

MA, GILD, and HAL amongst weakest stocks in the market

GILD: Gilead Science Inc

MA: Mastercard Inc

Stocks in bottom 20% by six month, 3 month, and one month relative strength

MYGN
NE
NETC
NMR
NOK
NTY
NVS
ONXX
PAG
PBCT
PBR
PBR.A
PDC
PDE
PDS
PKX
PUK
PXP
QCOM
REP
RIG
RINO
RTP
SCCO
SCHW
SGMS
SGY
SLT
SNY
SOHU
SPIL
SPWRA
SPWRB
STD
STP
SVNT
SVU
TAM
TC
TEF
TKC
TMX
TNDM
TNE
TOT
TRGL
TRH
TS
TSYS
UIS
VE
VNDA
VOD
VPRT
WFR
WG
YGE
ZGEN

Homebuilders, retailers and China were leading to downside

 Have a look at this video to see where the selling was concentrated.....

People are watching too many movies according to top 50 momentum stocks

NFLX: Netflix Inc

CSTR: Coinstar Inc

Market has bounced back sharply in last 3 days. One of the sectors leading higher is the video and dvd rental services. Both NFLX and CSTR had good earnings in recent quarters and are going up post the earnings.

50 stocks Top Ranked by momentum
ACTG
AGM
ANV
APKT
APPY
ARRY
AXTI
BBW
BC
BIDU
BTN
CPWM
CPY
CRUS
CSTR
CVGI
DCTH
DDIC
DTG
FBN
GTN
HOV
HTRN
IDT
INTT
ISLN
KEI
KERX
LDSH
LIOX
LSCC
MHR
NENG
NEWS
NFLX
NPSP
OKSB
PACR
PBTH
PFSW
PONE
PPO
PWER
RAS
RBCN
SMTX
SNDK
TAL
TRS
UPI
WAL
WNC

Top ranked 50 stocks by momentum

As always there are some stocks holding up well during this correction.

PACR: Pacer International Inc. 

50 stocks top ranked by 6 month, 3 month, and 1 month momentum
ACTG
AGM
ANN
ANV
APKT
APPY
ARRY
AXTI
BBW
BC
BTN
BXG
CPWM
CPY
CRUS
CUR
CVGI
DCTH
DDIC
DTG
HOV
HTRN
IDT
INTT
ISLN
KEI
KERX
LDSH
LIOX
LSCC
MHR
NENG
NEWS
NFLX
NPSP
OKSB
PACR
PBTH
PFSW
PONE
PWER
RAS
SNDK
SPF
TAL
THMD
TLB
TRS
UPI
WAL

Goldman Sachs amongst weakest 100 stocks

GS: Goldman Sachs

Weakest 100 stocks by 6 month , 3 month and one month relative strength
AONE
APC
APWR
ARD
ARST
ART
ATHN
ATW
AYE
BAX
BBVA
BG
BLK
BP
BWLD
CAM
CCJ
CCK
CEDC
CEL
CF
CGA
CHNG
CMED
CNX
COG
CRK
CRL
CRY
CRZO
CSIQ
CSR
DEER
DF
DO
DRWI
DT
DVR
E
EEFT
EJ
ENER
EXEL
FE
FIRE
FORM
FTE
FUQI
GAP
GDP
GILD
GLBL
GMXR
GS
GSK
HAL
HEAT
HGSI
HK
HOLI
HSC
ISIS
ITMN
KG
KWK
LOGI
MCO
MDU
MFE
MON
MYGN
NE
NETC
NMR
NOK
NTES
NVTL
OTE
OVIP
PBCT
PDC
PDE
PWRD
PXP
RIG
RINO
SD
SGMS
SINA
SNY
SOHU
SPWRA
SPWRB
STD
STP
SVNT
SVU
SWS
SYKE
TEF
TLCR
TMX
TNDM
TNE
TNP
TOT
TSYS
TTEC
UIS
UTA
VE
VNDA
VOD
VPRT
WG
XCO
YGE

Related Posts:
How to find shorts using Telechart

Strong stocks in a weak market

Market has taken a big pounding in last one week. While most of the stocks have been hit hard and have had pullback or correction, there are new set of stocks which have tentatively held up well and can lead next phase after some days.
When market undergoes correction the momentum ranking undergoes rapid churn and soon new set of stocks start appearing in top momentum scans.

37 stocks with 6 month, 3 month and one month momentum
ACTG
AGM
APKT
APPY
ATSG
BXG
CMLS
CPWM
CPY
CVGI
DCTH
DDIC
DTG
GTN
HTRN
IDT
INTT
ISLN
KEI
KERX
LIOX
LSCC
MBI
ME
MHR
NEWS
NPSP
PBTH
PFSW
PONE
PWER
RAS
SFI
SMTX
SRLS
TWPG
WAL

What kind of stocks have held up well so far. Stocks with immediate earnings or other catalyst have held up well.
Some of the stocks with little damage during the correction are:

PBTH: Prolor Biotech Inc

SRLS: Seracare Life Sciences

CVGI: Commercial Vehicle Group Inc

ACTG: Acacia Research Acacia Tech

When markets corrects some stocks have orderly pullback and hey are the ones to watch for possible leadership in next bull phase. 

100 weakest stocks

Stocks priced 5 plus ranked in bottom 20% by 6 month, one quarter and one month momentum:

AA
ACH
AMSC
AONE
APWR
ARST
ART
ATHN
ATW
AVP
BAX
BBVA
BG
BLK
BP
BSBR
BWLD
CCJ
CEDC
CEL
CF
CGA
CIG
CML
CMO
CNX
COG
CRK
CRL
CRZO
CS
CSIQ
DEER
DF
DO
DRWI
DT
DVR
E
EBR
EEFT
EHTH
EJ
ENER
EXEL
FE
FIRE
FORM
FTE
FUQI
FWLT
GAME
GAP
GDP
GILD
GLBL
GMXR
GOOG
GS
HEAT
HGSI
HK
HSC
IGD
IN
ING
ISIS
ITMN
KEP
KG
MDCO
MDU
MFA
MFC
MFE
MON
MYGN
NE
NETC
NMR
NOK
NVTL
ONXX
OVIP
PAG
PBR
PBR.A
PDC
PDE
PPL
PWRD
PXP
QCOM
REP
RIG
RINO
SGY
SINA
SNY
SOHU
SPWRA
SPWRB
SQM
STD
STP
SWS
TEF
TLCR
TMX
TNDM
TNE
TOT
TRH
TS
TSYS
TV
UEPS
UIS
VNDA
VPRT
WATG
WPP
YGE

Two types of traders

You will see two types of traders today:

1. Those who will externalize the problem
2. Those who will internalize the problem

The first kind will learn nothing from today. They will spend their time shouting at quant funds, fat fingers, SEC, exchanges, Washington, Obama. Goldman and so on.....

The second kind will develop method to as best as they can avoid a situation like this again....
The easiest thing is to externalize the problem..

But at same time you know there are traders who were on right side of this trade.
Not based on luck but based on method...

Minervini was out before this selloff and he has detailed his method for arriving at his decision...
Many other CANSLIM traders were in cash or lightly invested based on their method of looking at leading stocks.
A blog I have highlighted couple of times Wishing Wealth was also out and warning about this market since last couple of days based on his GMI index.

My own Market Monitor timing model was warning about a correction based on big moves breadth.

So people do have methods to determine when to be aggressive and when to be cautious.
Study those method...

It is easy to externalize problems, but if you are looking for real growth as a trader, internalize problem and search for solutions...

This applies not only to trading but to life in general....

Some reactions from Stockbee Members today:

Can I just raise a glass of single malt scotch to toast the market monitor - it got me out last week. It's taken 6+ months, but I'm finally getting a feel for MM :)


WOW....Thank you Pradeep, because of you I am in cash and not long.....Got out of my shorts too early but that is OK... Oportunity on the recovery...you definitely have my respect


Pradeep, my respect for you and MM have gone up hundred fold. Despite you teaching, I have done some stupid things - but I am in a much better position than the last market meltdown.


i second that! thank you Guru


: I am in the exact same boat as you are :). Guru, you are actually Maha-Guru.. "Shat, Shat Pranam"


now double thanks.... :0 i was sitting back and watching and laughing at the action... 'guru for president'


i hope everyone is having as much fun as i am :)


site has taught me that cash is a position. sometimes the best decision is the one not taken.


Thank God for Pradeep and his Market Monitor!


Pradeep - please bill your drink to my membership account. That $150 has paid for itself over and over and over and over and over and over and over.


guru have a drink. it's on me :)


Let me also chime in..For the first time in 8years moved to cash entirely last week and was in complete tune with MM numbers. Going into today had a couple of short positions including Guru's pick SOHU. Was a bit slow to cover into the frenzy. Nevertheless, the profits were protected. Not a penny lost infact made some in the catastrophe. Many thanks to Guru and his ingenious invention


Hats off to you Pradeep and your MM...moved to cash last Thursday, as I learned to respect MM signals the hard way. I owe you a debt of gratitude for all your apprenticeship. Cheers!!

How to find stocks likely to bounce back using Telechart

How to find stocks like this before they bounce back.
This video will show you how to find stocks likely to bounce back next day.

What stocks meet this scan condition today:

ACI
ACL
AFF
ASIA
ATI
AVF
BLL
BMC
BMRN
BPT
BTU
BUCY
BWP
CAR
CASY
CBI
CHBT
CHI
CHKP
CQP
CRR
CTCT
DCP
DTK
EL
EPD
ETM
FCS
FMCN
FMX
GAS
GBX
GGN
HYV
IGK
IMO
IOC
JAH
KMP
KMR
LGCY
MDRX
MTL
NDN
NOA
NSR
NTCT
OKS
PAA
PLCE
POWI
PWE
RBCN
RDEA
RGA
SFLY
SHAW
SMCI
STJ
SWSI
SXCI
SYX
TCK
TTT
TYG
UAM
UNT
V
WBMD
WFSL

How can you narrow the list further:

1. Sort by 5 days % change and look at stocks with highest % drop
2. From that sort by relative strength ranking using C / AVGC126 and select higher ranked stock
3. Within that prefer stocks down 3 days in a row 
4. Select stocks down more yesterday

Such methods work during such time periods. 

How to spot new leadership

 This video explains how to spot emerging leaders post this correction. 

If you want to avoid market surprises like yesterday then study Market Breadth

Reproduced and adopted  from a post on Stockbee members site yesterday.

When I was a beginner trader, twice I ran up my account big time in bullish phase and then got caught in market turns and lost lot of profit made during the move. That is when I developed Market Monitor. Since then it has always kept me out of trouble.

This  video  from few months ago talks about market timing and market breadth.

	Market Monitor Market Monitor is market breadth based market timing tool		Current View Market in correction. Market Monitor has been indicating possibility of correction since last 10 days. That is why I was aggressively short coming in today  in spite of Monday strength
Type	Indicator	Value	Comments
Daily	# of stocks up 4% plus on high volume	45
Daily	# of stocks down 4% plus on high volume	839	A big negative day. This is the first real big day. Selling tends to have fast selling phase and slower selling phase. Fast selling tends to be a intense 3 to 4 days selling burst. After few days of such major selling burst you can start dipping toes back on the long side. Stocks that withstand the selling phase tend to start breaking out after fast selling phase is over.
Primary	# of stocks up 25% plus in a quarter	1470
Primary	# of stocks down 25% plus in a quarter	241	Finally below 200. At around 500 numbers I would start dipping the toe on long side.
Secondary	# of stocks up 50% plus in a month	11
Secondary	# of stocks down 50% plus in a month	1	If this climbs to 20 I will expect snapback rally.
Secondary	# of stocks up 25% plus in a month	81
Secondary	# of stocks down 25% plus in a month	27	This should climb rapidly.
Primary fast	# of stocks up 13% in 34 days (bullish)	1138
Primary Fast	# of stocks down 13% in 34 days (bearish)	824	This will be first to turn bearish
MMA+	% of stocks above their multiple moving averages	52	From 69 to 52 in few days indicates correction at work
MMA-	% of stocks below their multiple moving averages	17
10 day cumulative breadth ratio	Ratio of socks up 4% to down 4% in last 10 days	.75	A negative breadth thrust is happening on 10 days time frame.

Concept behind Market Monitor is explained below

---

Market breadth is one of the core concept you must understand if you want to succeeds in trading and investing in stock market . A comprehensive understanding of market breadth will help you trade confidently in any time frame. 

What is market breadth

Market Breadth simply tells you how many stocks are going up, how many going down, and how many are unchanged. There are variations of the basic breadth idea like measuring number of new highs and new lows, or measuring the up volume and down volume. But ultimately all breadth indicators mathematically are derivatives of :

A D and U

A= number of advancing stocks

D= number of declining stocks

U= unchanged

Different people have massaged this data in various ways by using variety of mathematical techniques like moving average, exponential moving average, ratio analysis, standard deviation and so on to develop number of breadth based indicators.

Why is market breadth called the grand daddy of all indicator

Because it is internally driven information, it tells you objectively the participation of stocks in a market move. Sometime one of the indexes can be positive as the index are calculated by price weightage or capitalisation weight age, but breadth does not lie. Breadth treats all issues equal. 

So because Dow Jones is price weighted , if say the 10 highest priced stocks are up big , it can be positive . even if remaining 20 stocks are down for the day. In such a case the breadth will tell you real story. The breadth will be 10/20.

Breadth tells you immediately the strength and direction of a move in the market. A market in which more stocks are going up compared to going down and more stocks making new high compared to new low is a good bull market.

What information does market breadth tells you

Market breadth tells you how many stocks are participating in a move.  If you measure breadth using say new high or new low, it tells you the direction of major stocks. If you measure breadth using volume , it tells you the extent of participation in a move. 

How is market breadth calculated

Primarily breadth is calculated by tracking advance decline and/ or new high new low and/or advancing volume and declining volume.

To calculate advance decline you need:

• Total stocks available for trading in the market (T)
• Advancing stocks or advances (A)
• Declining stocks or decliners (D)
• Unchanged (U)

To calculate advance/decline volume

• Advancing Volume or Up volume (UV)= total  volume of (A)
• Declining volume or Down volume (DV)= total volume of (D)
• Total volume = total of all volume traded for the day for all stocks

To calculate new high/new low

• New high (h)= number of stocks making 52 week high
• New Low (l)= number of stocks making 52 week low

All market breadth based commonly available indicators in the market are derived using this basic data. After taking this basic data people massage it in different way to create their own "proprietary " indicators. 

Market Breadth simply tells you how many stocks are going up, how many going down, and how many are unchanged. There are variations of the basic breadth idea like measuring number of new highs and new lows, or measuring the up volume and down volume. But ultimately all breadth indicators mathematically are derivatives of :

A D and U

A= number of advancing stocks

D= number of declining stocks

U= unchanged

Different people have massaged this data in various ways by using variety of mathematical techniques like moving average, exponential moving average, ratio analysis, standard deviation and so on to develop number of breadth based indicators.

What are the most commonly used market breadth indicators

Telechart has number of commonly used breadth indicators which most people don't even bother to look at. If you study following Telechart Breadth Indicators, there will be quantum leap in your understanding of market breadth and how to use it to trade profitably. If you understand all the Worden indicators and the concept behind them, you would be master in market breadth analysis. 

Worden’s Market Indicators (T2s)
With all of the powerful filtering and organizational capabilities of TeleChart, some of its unique offerings have a tendency to go unnoticed. Our list of 23 Market Indicators is just such an offering. We hope you don't make the mistake of overlooking these useful tools. Most investors are familiar with the advance / decline line, but, with TeleChart, that's just the beginning. TeleChart goes beyond counting the number of stocks moving higher and lower in the market. TeleChart asks "How High?" and "How Low?". TeleChart shows you the percentage of stocks above and below their moving averages. TeleChart even counts stocks attaining new highs versus new lows. TeleChart does it all, so all you do is browse the charts with a few clicks per day.
TeleChart gives you a full toolbox of powerful big-picture indicators designed to help you perfect your market timing. Just as standard technical indicators give you insight into overbought and oversold conditions in individual stocks, this collection of indicators helps you spot trends in the market as a whole, so you can ride the big rallies, and cash in before major market corrections.
Worden’s Market Indicators, known as T2s because each symbol begins with T2, are calculated using the daily market activity of the NYSE. They are internal market statistics which are calculated by counting stocks that meet certain criteria and then publishing the results as a percentage value between 1 and 100. T2107 "Percentage of stocks above their 200-day moving average" for example, counts the number of stocks currently trading above their 200-day price moving average and then plots this as a percentage. So if the daily value of T2107 is 14, you know that 14% of the stocks on the NYSE traded above their 200-day PMA.
Most other indicators and indexes are based on price and will usually give a good reading of the overall trend of the market. T2s, however, are count-based indicators that give you a sort of "behind the scenes" look at the market. By counting every issue on the NYSE, T2s show the true volatility of each issue. They show you things like the fact that advancing issues are outpacing declining issues; when the number of stocks trading above their 200-day price moving average is declining; when the number of stocks reaching new highs each market day is increasing, etc. You can then compare these with a major market index to see how the activity of every stock on the NYSE compares to the trend of the overall market.
When plotting a comparison of a T2 and a market index, you’ll want to set your scaling to Arithmetic. TeleChart will plot the T2 and the market index on independent scales. If you use logarithmic scaling, the T2 and the index are plotted on a common-linked log scale and you won’t be able to compare the true volatility of each.
T2100 Advance/Decline Line
You have probably heard of the advance/decline line. It is calculated by subtracting the number of declining stocks for the day from the number of advancing stocks for the day. It is a cumulative indicator meaning that each day’s calculation is added (or subtracted) from the previous day’s indicator value.
First, our advance/decline line represents a great improvement over the common one. It is calculated only from NYSE common stocks (omitting preferred stocks, warrants, etc., which have a markedly distorting influence). It is calculated from the percentage of advancing stocks minus the percentage of declining stocks, rather than using raw numbers. For example, if 55% of the NYSE were up today and 30% were down, the net change today would be 25 (55% - 30%).
Let’s take a look at a chart. Hit the J key and enter T2100. Set your zoom to level 1 and time frame to a weekly chart. This will display a chart spanning about ten years. Now plot a comparison graph (CTRL-C) using the S&P 500 index (SP-500) as the comparison symbol.
Note: When viewing symbols such as the T2 indicators that only have one price point for each market day (no open, high or low), you’ll want to set the price graph to a line chart. CTRL-B will toggle the chart mode between bar, line and candlestick charts. Press CTRL-B until a line chart is displayed.
Be sure to set the scaling to Arithmetic. The price scale to the right shows the prices for the active symbol (in this case T2100). The price scale of the comparison symbol (SP-500) is not displayed. However, you can swap the active and comparison symbol by pressing CTRL-F. This makes the SP-500 the active symbol and displays its price scale. Press CTRL-F again to make T2100 the active symbol again.
When the advance/decline line rises in lock step with a broad average such as the SP-500, it is an indication that a majority of stocks are in agreement with the strength shown by average. This is called "strong breadth." When the advance/decline line and the broad average decline together, breadth is weak. When the two line disagree, it is called a divergence, and the advance/decline line is more apt to be correct, although it is by no means a certainty.
T2125 Nasdaq Advance/Decline Line
T2126 Nasdaq 100 Advance/Decline Line
T2127 Russell 1000 Advance/Decline Line
T2128 Russell 2000 Advance/Decline Line
T2129 Russell 3000 Advance/Decline Line
 
T2101 Absolute Breadth Index
This index was developed by Norman Fosback. It is simply the absolute value of the number of advancing issues minus the number of declining issues. For example, if the number of advancing issues is 1200 and the number of declining issues is 600, the Absolute Breadth Index equals 600. If the number of advancing issues is 400, and the number of declining issues is 900, the Absolute Breadth Index equals 500. Remember, the sign is ignored in the calculation of an absolute number.
For charting purposes, we take the daily Absolute Breadth value (calculated as described in the previous paragraph) and publish it as a percentage increase or decrease from the previous day’s value. For example, let’s say yesterday’s Absolute Breadth value was 1000 and the chart shows a value of 31. Now, today’s calculated value comes in at 960, so 960 / 1000 = .96, which is a 4% decrease from the previous day, so today’s reading would be 27, a 4% decrease.
The theory behind the Index is that when the absolute difference between the number of advancing and declining stocks is high, you are more likely to be near a market bottom than a top since a selling climax, with most stocks participating, often occurs near a market bottom. On the other hand, a low Absolute Breadth Index reading is more likely to signify the slow topping activity that frequently occurs at a market peak.
T2102 Bolton-Tremblay Indicator
This is a cumulative advance-decline indicator that uses the number of unchanged issues as a basic component. It is computed in five steps. First, divide the number of advancing issues by the number of unchanged issues. Second, divide the number of declining issues by the number of unchanged issues. Third, subtract the declining ratio from the advancing ratio. Fourth, calculate the square root of the difference. Fifth, add the square root to the previous day’s Bolton-Tremblay Indicator, respecting the sign (plus if there were more advances, minus if more declines).
For example, if there are 1500 advancing issues and 700 declining issues and 800 unchanged issues, the Bolton-Tremblay Indicator is calculated as follows:
Todays’s Bolton-Tremblay Indicator  = Yesterday’s Bolton-Tremblay Indicator + Square Root of (1500/800 – 700/800 = Yesterday’s Bolton-Tremblay Indicator + 1
On the other hand, if there had been 700 advancing issues and 1500 declining, today’s Bolton-Tremblay Indicator equals yesterday’s value minus 1.
The Bolton-Tremblay Indicator should be interpreted in a manner similar to the advance-decline line. In fact, if you plot a comparison graph using T2100 as the comparison symbol, the two graphs are almost identical. Keep in mind that the actual value of the indicator is far less important than its trend.
T2103 Zweig Breadth Thrust
Developed by Martin Zweig (The Zweig Forecast, PO Box 5345, New York, NY 10150), this indicator is calculated by taking a 10-day moving average of the number of advancing issues divided by the number of advancing issues plus the number of declining issues. Since it is a percentage indicator, it cannot go below 0 or above 100. However, it is rare that it goes below 40 or above 60.
Greg Morris (G. Morris Corporation, Forest Park Tower, 9500 Forest Lane, Suite 301, Dallas, TX 75243-5914) claims that Martin Zweig says any time this indicator thrusts from below 41 to above 60 in under 10 days that the market will be significantly higher 18 months later. We find the indicator useful as an overbought/oversold indicator, also.
T2104 Cumulative Volume Index
This indicator is sometimes called up volume/down volume. It is calculated by taking the volume of the advancing issues and subtracting the volume of the declining issues. It is a cumulative indicator, so the value is meaningless. This indicator is interpreted the same way the advance/decline line is interpreted. If it begins to trend down while the averages are trending up, it is a bearish sign. If it begins to trend up while the averages are trending down, it is a bullish sign.
T2105 High Low Logic Index
Developed by Norman Fosback, the Index is computed as the lesser of the number of new highs or new lows divided by the total number of issues traded. Daily or weekly NYSE data typically is used in the calculation.
The concept behind the indicator is that either a large number of stocks will reach new highs or a large number will establish new lows, but normally not both at the same time. Since the High Low Logic Index is the lesser of the two ratios, high readings are infrequent.
When a high indicator reading does occur, it signifies that market internals are inconsistent with many stocks reaching new highs at the same time that many stocks establish new lows. Such a condition is considered bearish for stock prices.
Extreme low indicator readings reveal a uniform market. They are considered bullish for stock prices.
T2106 McClellan Oscillator
The McClellan Oscillator is reported each day by many financial news services. Their reported value will almost always be different than our value because, as mentioned earlier, we use every stock on the NYSE. The overall trend of the indicator, however, will be the same.
The McClellan Oscillator is calculated by subtracting a 39 day moving average of (Advances – Declines) from a 19 day moving average of (Advances – Declines). It not only works as an overbought/oversold indicator, it works fairly well at making short-term trend changes when it crosses the zero line.
Here again it is very important that you set your chart scaling to Arithmetic because the McClellan Oscillator will be negative on some market days and negative values cannot be displayed on a Logarithmic scale.
Note: Scaling must be set to Arithmetic for the chart to be displayed properly.
T2118 McClellan Summation Index
The McClellan Summation Index is simply a cumulative indicator of the McClellan Oscillator. It also can be interpreted as bullish or bearish when it crosses over the zero line. We find crossovers on a 10- or 20-day moving average of this indicator to make for a great trend following system. It tends to get you into trends early and keep you in…very few whipsaws.
Note: Scaling must be set to Arithmetic for the chart to be displayed properly.
This next section, beginning with T2107, covers T2s that count the number of stocks on the NYSE trading above or below their moving averages. When plotted against a market index such as the S&P 500 (SP-500) or the Russell 2000 (RUT-X), you can see how the market reacted when large numbers of stocks were trading above or below their moving averages and what patterns to look for in the future.
T2107 Percentage of stocks trading ABOVE their 200-day moving average
In this T2, every stock on the NYSE is represented because (except in rare cases) stocks do not trade exactly AT their 200-day moving average. This is why there is no T2 for "Percentage of stocks trading BELOW their 200-day moving average". One quick glance at the indicator on a day when it reports a value of say 21 instantly tells you that 21 % of stocks on the NYSE are trading above and 79% are trading below their 200-day price moving average.
This is very valuable information because it’s a good general indication of whether the overall market is overbought (spike up in T2107) or oversold (spike down).
T2108 Percentage of stocks trading above their 40-day moving average
Very similar to T2107 above, but this indicator will be a little quicker moving because there is less resistance to a stock breaking out above its 40-day moving average versus its 200-day. Here again there is no complimentary T2 for stocks below their 40-day average because every NYSE stock is covered by this one T2.
T2109 through T2116 indicate the percentage of stocks trading 1 or 2 channels above or below their moving averages. The channels are envelope channels. One channel is equal to one standard deviation from the moving average and two channels equals 2 standard deviations from the moving average.
Tip: When plotting envelope channels on a chart in TeleChart, two parameters have to be entered: Period and Width. The Width parameter determines the number of standard deviations from the moving average (Period parameter) that the envelope channels will be drawn. A Width of 10 equals 1 standard deviation, a width of 20 equals 2 standard deviations, and so on.
These T2s show you the extremes. Stocks that not only are trading above or below their moving averages, but those that have exceeded or fallen below their averages by as much as 2 standard deviations.
T2109 Percentage of stocks trading 1 channel above their 200-day moving average
T2110 Percentage of stocks trading 1 channel above their 40-day moving average
T2111 Percentage of stocks trading 2 channels above their 200-day moving average
In a Worden note on February 18, 1998, Don Worden made some compelling observations of the overall market by plotting a comparison of T2111 and SP-500 (Standard & Poor’s 500 index). Take a look at his comments and the chart of T2111 vs. SP-500 in the online discussion forum at www.worden.com.
T2112 Percentage of stocks trading 2 channels above their 40-day moving average
T2113 Percentage of stocks trading 1 channel below their 200-day moving average
T2114 Percentage of stocks trading 1 channel below their 40-day moving average
T2115 Percentage of stocks trading 2 channels below their 200-day moving average
T2115 points out instances where too many stocks have surged or plummeted at once by showing you what percentage of stocks are trading 2 channels below their 200-day moving average. The channels are envelope channels and each channel represents one standard deviation from the 200-day moving average. To make the count for T2115, a stock must have fallen very far very quickly in recent trading. Peaks in T2115 naturally coincide with lows in the market because if a large number of stocks are trading well below their 200-day moving averages, then the market is going to be down.
To best understand T2115, pull up the chart and plot a comparison graph using the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJ-30). Set the time frame to weekly and remember to set your scaling to arithmetic when using the T2 indicators compared to a market index for a true picture of volatility. It also helps to pull the upper splitter bar all the way to the bottom of the chart so you can maximize the viewing area of the top window.
Look at the inverse relationship between T2115 and the Dow during the market surge in the second half of 1997. Just after a pullback in the market around April of 1997, the Dow surged from around 6400 to an amazing 8200 points in early August, a 22% increase. The value of T2115 dove from 14 (14% of the market trading below their 200-day averages) to less than 2.
Although you can see this pretty clearly on the chart, you may be asking "So how is this going to help me in the future?" Well, when T2115 spikes up, and assuming the economy is stable, it’s a good indication that there are some good values out there because this also mean that P/E ratios have gone down. Scroll your chart back to 1990 using the history scroll bar at the bottom of the chart. Look at how T2115 spiked up during the pullback in the second half of the year. T2115 peaked as high as 35%, and we haven’t seen a value higher than 14 since. This was just before the Dow took off on its upward run throughout the 1990s.
T2116 Percentage of stocks trading 2 channels below their 40-day moving average
Look for the same patterns described in T2115. Keep in mind that with a 40-day moving average, you will probably see more frequent spikes and higher percentages that with a 200-day moving average but this may give a better short-term picture.
T2117 52-week New High / New Low Ratio
This indicator is calculated as follows: new highs for the last 52 weeks divided by new highs + new lows. Another indicator which moves between 0 and 100, this one gets closer to 0 and 100 than some of the others. It’s a good overbought/oversold indicator as well as a good confirmation/non-confirmation indicator when you plot a moving average of it.
T2120 26-week New High/New Low Ratio
New highs for the last 26 weeks divided by new highs + new lows. Research results have revealed a bullish tendency at extreme high readings and a slightly bearish tendency at extreme low readings.
T2121 13week New High/New Low Ratio
New highs for the last 13 weeks divided by new highs + new lows. Research results have revealed a bullish tendency at extreme high readings and a slightly bearish tendency at extreme low readings.
T2122 4week New High/New Low Ratio
New highs for the last 4 weeks divided by new highs + new lows. Research results have revealed a bullish tendency at extreme high readings and a slightly bearish tendency at extreme low readings.
T2123 Cumulative 4week New High/New Low
This is simply the difference between the number of issues reaching new highs (during a 4-week period) and the number of issues reaching new lows (during the same 4-week period). Research results revealed a slight bullish tendency at extreme high readings and a slight bearish tendency at extreme low readings. However, results were not significant enough to warrant reliance on this indicator for market timing purposes.
T2126 Nasdaq 100 Advance Decline Line
Calculation is the same as T2100.
T2127 Russell 1000 Advance Decline Line
Calculation is the same as T2100.
T2128 Russell 2000 Advance Decline Line
Calculation is the same as T2100.
T2129 Russell 3000 Advance Decline Line
Calculation is the same as T2100.

How can you use market breadth for day trading

At simplest level by using breadth to find oversold or overbought levels or finding divergences. Most  of what Dr Brett Steenbarger advocates for day traders to monitor is based on market breadth. He may use different terminology for it but the core concept is market breadth. My observation is that in small time frames breadth tends to mean revert. 

If you are really motivated day trader you can develop a Market Monitor or some other more creative kind of breadth indicator for day trading and keep it proprietary. Anything you do in this area you should not discuss publicly as short term systems are very prone to decay, if they become widely known. 

How can you use market breadth for swing trading

• Time your swing trades in line with oversold levels on Secondary indicators in Market Monitor.
• Time your swing entries with 10 day low on Indexes
• Exit your trades at overbought levels in secondary indicators.
• In other words buy breakouts after weakness and sell positions in to euphoria. 

How can you use market breadth for long term investing

Every major move in a market starts with a breadth change and from extreme breadth. Be bullish when market breadth is extremely negative. Be bearish when market breadth is extremely positive. That is how I use Market Monitor to time my long term retirement accounts. 

What are the famous market breadth "proprietary indicators" and how you can hack them

90% up or down days Lowry Research 

10 day cumulative breadth ratio by Dan Sullivan the Chartist

Ned Davis market timing model

These are famous ones and there are hundreds of others who basically cloak their breadth indicators as "proprietary indicator".  If you scratch below the surface it is all based on market breadth.

Which books explain market breadth the best 

 The Complete Guide to Market Breadth Indicators by Gregory Morris.This book is very detailed book on market breadth. 

This book was published in 2005. I had done all my work on developing MM before that. 

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Market Monitor uses the basic breadth concept but with a twist. I did a very small innovation around the basic breadth concept. Instead of looking at advance decline or up volume/down volume, I created a combined way to look at them. One of the key innovation was to calculate breadth using significant move instead of small moves.

Market monitor looks at breadth of significant moves in the market instead of small moves. By doing that it reduces the noise in breadth data. Say if you use just advancing , declining, and unchanged issues to look at breadth on a daily basis, a stock going up or down 1 cent also gets represented in the data. 

Same way if you use up volume and down volume , even a stock trading single share more than yesterday gets reflected in the data. That makes breadth data very noisy. So if you look at breadth chart they tend to be very noisy. My idea was to look for only major moves on different time frames while developing Market Monitor.

If you look at the US stock market over many many years, you will see that the average daily move in the market is less than 1% (2008 and 2009 are exceptions). It is a very mature market. Unlike that developing markets and frontier markets have average daily moves of 4% plus  So in a market where  the daily moves are below 1%, if it makes say 2% move that is significant (that is the concept behind IBD distribution and accumulation days where they look for 1.5% plus day on high volume). Similarly if you study the average daily move in stocks as aggregate over say 10 or 40 years, you will see average move in a stocks are below 2%.(the year 2008 and 2009 are anomalies where big moves are daily phenomenon). 

So I decided to use only certain magnitude moves  for calculating breadth.

• Daily time frame=4% plus
• Monthly move=25% plus
• Monthly move=50% plus
• Quarterly move= 25% plus
• Yearly move= 100% plus
• Yearly move=200%

My basic contention is by using such big moves to measure breadth you are reducing the noise in data. 

Other innovation was to measure breadth on various time frame. That allows you to create slow and fast indicators or strategic or tactical indicators. So market monitor measures the breadth of the market on various time frames. I also added minimum liquidity and trading volume criteria to the moves so that we are not measuring 25% move on say 1 dollar stock or stock trading very low volume. 

There is also a variation in how the % moves are calculated. In some cases the reference point for percent change is price number of days ago. In some cases it is lowest price for the period of calculation. The logic is to track both kinds of trends. Some trends start from low points. some start from mid way point. So if you use just new high or new low it can be misleading. 

I also decided to Index the numbers to total issues traded in the market and keep the readings as raw data rather than % as it is easier to relate to data. It is easier to find out at glance if 200 stocks are up or a down as against trying to figure out whether 3% or 3.5% stocks are up. Telechart does not allow you to do those calculations in scans.  If you strictly look at in mathematics term it may not be the best and accurate way to do it.  My objective was to develop  decision support tool and not a perfectly statistically valid tool. 

When I developed it I did not imagine it as a continuous series data, I looked at it only as a signal kind of scan. So I did not maintain the past data. Once I started the blog I started tracking the data as a series. Over the years I have done subtle changes but the 98% of the things I developed 9 to 10 years ago remains the same. Knowing all that I know about market breadth and market timing now I would have designed a much different timing tool. But now it is working perfectly so developing something new is not my top priority. 

 Market Monitor has kept me out of every big decline and has signaled every new turn in market. In trading you just need to innovate a bit around a core concept and you can find a very profitable way to trade.

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How to interpret Market Monitor

# of stocks up>4% on high volume

(100 * (C - C1) / C1) >= 4 AND V >= 1000 AND V > V1

up to 300 normal buying pressure

300 to 500 high buying pressure money flowing in to market

500 to1000 very high buying pressure (normally seen at beginning of a bullish turn from bearish phase)

1000 plus extreme buying pressure

300 plus day are common in bear markets.

At beginning of a bull move you will see a cluster of 3 to 5 big buying days of 300 plus.

Most turns in major trend start with 1000 plus buying day.

# of stocks down>4% on high volume

( 100 * (C - C1) / C1) <= ( - 4) AND V >= 1000 AND V > V1

up to 300 normal selling pressure

500 to 1000 very high selling pressure

1000 plus extreme selling pressure

Bear  markets rallies typically start after such extreme 1000 plus selling days.

So a 1000 plus days after a 5 to 10 days of selling pressure is short term bullish.

# of stocks up>25% in a quarter

100 * ((C + .01) - ( MINC65 + .01)) / (MINC65 + .01) >= 25 and AVGC20 * AVGV20 >= 2500

Market is in bullish phase till the # of stocks up>25% in a quarter is greater than # of stocks down>25% in a quarter.

When this number goes below 200 it is extremely bullish. It indicates extreme bearishness.

Rallies which start from readings below 200 are extremely powerful. (I make my IRA/Roth IRA buys on such days)

EOD readings of below 200 are rare, most of the time 200 readings are reached intra day for few hours or minutes and market rebounds.

So when EOD readings drop to below 500 be on watch out for a reversal of bearish trend.

# of stocks down>25% in a quarter

(100 * ((C + .01) - (MAXC65 + .01)) / (MAXC65 + .01)) <= ( - 25) and  AVGC20 * AVGV20 >= 2500

Market is in bullish phase till the # of stocks up>25% in a quarter is greater than # of stocks down>25% in a quarter.

When this number goes below 200 it is bearish. It indicates extreme bullishness.

Readings below 200 are rare and happen only intra day. 

So watch for EOD readings of below 400.

Unlike end of bear market in bull market, markets do not turn immediately after such high readings.

There is a delay of 2 to 6 weeks before real selling might start and a top is formed.

# of stocks up>50% in a month

C20 >= 5 AND (AVGC20 * AVGV20) >= 2500 AND 100 * (C - C20) / C20 >= 50

This indicator tells you intermediate term extreme bullish phases and likely pullback/correction points

Readings above 20 are bearish.

They indicate high bullishness and tend to lead to correction.

Market resumes its bullish move once such high readings drop below 10.

Readings of below 3 are bullish.

# of stocks down>50% in a month

C20 >= 5 AND (AVGC20 * AVGV20) >= 2500 AND 100 * (C - C20) / C20 <= ( - 50)

This indicator tells you intermediate term extreme bearish phases and likely counter trend rally  points during bear market.

They indicate high bearishness and tend to lead to reflex rallies.

# of stocks up> 13% in 34 days

100 * ((C + .01) - ( MINC34 + .01)) / (MINC34 + .01) >= 13 and AVGC20 * AVGV20 >= 2500

# of stocks up >25% in a quarter look for 25% move in 65 days while this looks for half of that move in half the time frame.

So it gives buy and sell signal faster compared to Primary indicator.

But it tends to be noisy.

# of stocks down>13% in 34 days

(100 * ((C + .01) - (MAXC34 + .01)) / (MAXC34 + .01)) <= ( - 13) and  AVGC20 * AVGV20 >= 2500

% of stocks in confirmed uptrend using Guppy MMA

XAVGC3 > XAVGC30 AND XAVGC5 > XAVGC30 AND XAVGC7 > XAVGC30 AND XAVGC10 > XAVGC30 AND XAVGC12 > XAVGC30 AND XAVGC15 > XAVGC30 AND XAVGC3 > XAVGC35 AND XAVGC5 > XAVGC35 AND XAVGC7 > XAVGC35 AND XAVGC10 > XAVGC35 AND XAVGC12 > XAVGC35 AND XAVGC15 > XAVGC35 AND XAVGC3 > XAVGC40 AND XAVGC5 > XAVGC40 AND XAVGC7 > XAVGC40 AND XAVGC10 > XAVGC40 AND XAVGC12 > XAVGC40 AND XAVGC15 > XAVGC40 AND XAVGC3 > XAVGC45 AND XAVGC5 > XAVGC45 AND XAVGC7 > XAVGC45 AND XAVGC10 > XAVGC45 AND XAVGC12 > XAVGC45 AND XAVGC15 > XAVGC45 AND XAVGC3 > XAVGC50 AND XAVGC5 > XAVGC50 AND XAVGC7 > XAVGC50 AND XAVGC10 > XAVGC50 AND XAVGC12 > XAVGC50 AND XAVGC15 > XAVGC50 AND XAVGC3 > XAVGC60 AND XAVGC5 > XAVGC60 AND XAVGC7 > XAVGC60 AND XAVGC10 > XAVGC60 AND XAVGC12 > XAVGC60 AND XAVGC15 > XAVGC60

Readings above 70 are bearish

Readings below 30 are bullish

% of stocks in confirmed downtrend using Guppy MMA

XAVGC3 < XAVGC30 AND XAVGC5 < XAVGC30 AND XAVGC7 < XAVGC30 AND XAVGC10 < XAVGC30 AND XAVGC12 < XAVGC30 AND XAVGC15 < XAVGC30 AND XAVGC3 < XAVGC35 AND XAVGC5 < XAVGC35 AND XAVGC7 < XAVGC35 AND XAVGC10 < XAVGC35 AND XAVGC12 < XAVGC35 AND XAVGC15 < XAVGC35 AND XAVGC3 < XAVGC40 AND XAVGC5 < XAVGC40 AND XAVGC7 < XAVGC40 AND XAVGC10 < XAVGC40 AND XAVGC12 < XAVGC40 AND XAVGC15 < XAVGC40 AND XAVGC3 < XAVGC45 AND XAVGC5 < XAVGC45 AND XAVGC7 < XAVGC45 AND XAVGC10 < XAVGC45 AND XAVGC12 < XAVGC45 AND XAVGC15 < XAVGC45 AND XAVGC3 < XAVGC50 AND XAVGC5 < XAVGC50 AND XAVGC7 < XAVGC50 AND XAVGC10 < XAVGC50 AND XAVGC12 < XAVGC50 AND XAVGC15 < XAVGC50 AND XAVGC3 < XAVGC60 AND XAVGC5 < XAVGC60 AND XAVGC7 < XAVGC60 AND XAVGC10 < XAVGC60 AND XAVGC12 < XAVGC60 AND XAVGC15 < XAVGC60

10 Day cumulative breadth ratio

#of stocks up> 4% in last 10 days/#of stocks down>4% in last 10 days

When market is in bearish phase first time ratio is  2 plus signals start of a bull move. 

Ratio below .50 signals start of a bearish move after a bull move has been in progress.

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What happens at the  beginning of a rally

A big 300 plus day on # of stocks up> 4% in day on high volume

Series of 300 plus days in 5to 10 days time frame.

The Cumulative Breadth Ratio goes above 2 confirming start of a bull move.

The Primary Indicator turns bullish

Bottoms tend to be formed suddenly.

What happens at the end of a rally

There is a slow deterioration in breadth on Primary Indicator.

After weeks or month Primary Indicator turns bearish.

Real selling starts after that.

The intermediate dips/pullbacks/corrections in a bullish uptrend

Are signaled by secondary indicator showing extreme readings.

The intermediate rallies in a bearish downtrend

Are signaled by secondary indicator showing extreme readings.

Breadth deteriorates slowly at the top

Tops take a long time to form and are difficult to spot.

Breadth suddenly improves at bottom

Market bottoms happen suddenly. Market turns often are a single day phenomenon.

When looking at Market Monitor look at 10 to 15 days trend and not focus only on single day readings.

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Market Monitor was conceptualized and designed by Pradeep Bonde in 2001 based on study of 40 years of market breadth data .